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CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter will elaborate and discuss some aspects related to the methodology and procedure of the study conducted to complete this study. Among the aspects discussed are research design, population, sampling, research instruments, data collection procedures and data analysis. The purpose of the research methodology is to ensure that all thing that was planned and inventory can run smoothly and ensure orderly and systematic implementation can be implemented.
3.2 Research Design
Research design is a plan that determines how research works to get answers to the research problems that have been set. The design involves several aspects of research such as problems, strategies and relevance as to the subject being studied. The design also sets the unit of analysis, population, sampling, measurement methods, data collection and analysis (Masri,2005).
The research design is a mix method which using qualitative and quantitative approach. The qualitative method which are using for getting in depth information by using interview. Through the interview, researcher can ask the teacher about the teaching method and characteristics of video that is suitable for teaching aid in class. More information can be getting through the conversation. While, for quantitative method, according to Kaprawi (2010) the survey method is very useful when the researcher wants to collect related data in his research. Quantitative data is more appropriate to answer the questions of the study outlined in addition to producing a lot of consistent information and data as required by the researcher. According to Chua (2006), via data quantitative phenomena can be seen from various angles and perspectives the different where each perspective is detected using different methods. Even so it leads to the same final destination, that is focus on one event or thing. In addition, researchers can describe and explain each question in more detail and profoundly based on the strategy setting where the variables are manipulated in experimental situations. The survey method is used to obtain relevant information. Besides that, the researchers prefer to do an experimental method towards the two group of student in semi rural and rural are. First will do a pre and post test to see the knowledge and understanding of student towards use of animation in learning VAE subject. After that, the data were obtained from the responses given by the respondents through information in the questionnaires. The survey method is used to obtain relevant information. The data were obtained from the responses given by the respondents through information in the questionnaires.
3.3 Population and Sampling
Population and sampling are based on Krejcie & Morgan 1970. Sampling is the process of selecting a number of subjects from a population to be used as a survey respondent. Sampling is an important aspect of research and research because the use of inappropriate samples will reduce the validity and reliability of the study (Piaw Chua Yan, 2006).
Table 3.3.1 Krejcie and morgan table
3.3.1 Target and Population
The Smk Khir Johari, Sungai Sumun and Smk Seri Perak, Teluk Intan are selected and the study population consists of student who takes Visual Art Education in their subject in form 4.
3.3.2 Sampling Technique
The total sample approximately was 60 students for the both Secondary School who are in form 4 that takes subject of Visual Art Education.
Respondents were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects are selected just because they are easiest to recruit for the study and the researcher did not consider selecting subjects that are representative of the entire population. In all forms of research, it would be ideal to test the entire population, but in most cases, the population is just too large that it is impossible to include every individual. This is the reason why most researchers rely on sampling techniques like convenience sampling, the most common of all sampling techniques. Many researchers prefer this sampling technique because it is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subject are readily available.
1.7 Instrument
For this purpose, the researcher felt the method of questionnaire was the most appropriate for immediate information and data from the students as the respondents easily responded to the aspects studied. Researchers have taken sample surveys from previous researchers and modified according to the suitability of the students. The questionnaire consists of four parts, namely Part A on student information, Part B on student understanding, Part C on student interest and Part D on the benefit of animated video on teaching and learning process at both school which is Smk Khir Johari and Smk Teluk Intan. For the interview session which is with the teacher, the researcher will do a semi-structured interview. It is because the researcher want to know the best way to create a video animated as teaching aid for the student in learning.
3.4.1 Research Instrument
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Research Questions
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Instrument
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Method of analysis
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1) How to design and develop an animated video as teaching aid for VAE subject?
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- semi structure interview
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- Reading
- Describing
- Classifying
- Identifying themes
- Codings
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2) Is there any benefit of animated video towards students ?
a. Interest
b. understanding
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a) Survey questionnaire
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- SPSS program
- Descriptive statistics
- Frequencies
- Measure of central tendency
(mean, median, mode )
-Measures of variability
(range,quartile
deviation,Variance, standard deviation
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3)Is there any relationship between using animated video towards student`s learning in VAE?
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a) Survey questionnaire
● Part D
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- SPSS program
- Pearson Correlation
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3.4.2 Validity and Reliability
The reliability of the instrument is very important in maintaining the accuracy of the questionnaire from being exposed to defects. The higher the value and the level of validity and the reliability of the questionnaire, the more accurate the data obtained (Din, Ahmad, KZ, Mohamad Sidek, & Abdul Karim, 2009). Reliability is a necessary but inadequate requirement for determination of validity. Low reliability is considered to limit the degree of certainty obtained, but high reliability does not guarantee that a high degree of validity is generated. In short, reliability only provides consistency that allows validity. The reliability coefficient of Alfa Cronbach was used by researchers to measure the reliability of items in a questionnaire.
Cronbach’s Alpha Internal Consistency
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Cronbach’s alpha
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Internal consistency
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α ≥ 0.90
0.90 ≥α ≥0.80
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Excellent
Good
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0.80 ≥α ≥0.70
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Acceptable
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0.70 ≥α ≥ 0.60
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Questionable
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0.60 ≥α ≥ 0.50
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Poor
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α < 0.5
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Unacceptable
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Source: (George & Mallery, 2003)
3.5 Data Collection Procedures
In this study, to collect data, researchers have set some steps that are expected to be able to gather data and information accurately. A procedure has been set up to launch a research process. The process is like obtaining certificates and written permission from the Faculty of Education of University Technology Mara UiTM to obtain permission from Office of Municipal office education of Teluk intan and Bagan Datuk to do the research. Besides, to ask permission to school and subject teachers to determine the date, fill and do pre and post test and answer the questionnaires with students.
Before the set of questionnaires was distributed, the researcher will guide and explained how to answer and ensure that the respondents were not influenced by others when answering the questionnaire. After the questionnaire was fully answered, the researcher collected a questionnaire to analyze the data.
3.6 Data Analysis
To answer the research questions, researchers have analyzed data using descriptive statistics and pearson correlation. The researcher analyzes and presents the data obtained by using mean score, standard deviation, percentage and graph. All data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Version 24.0 (SPSS) software. The use of this software is easier, fast, simple and compact when analyzing data.
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Scale
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Status
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1.00 - 2.33
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Low
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2.34 - 3.66
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Moderate
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3.67 - 5.00
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High
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Table 3.6.1 The min score classes
3.7 Conclusion
The study is a mix method which is qualitative and quantitative approach. The research instrument is using questionnaire research. The items in the questionnaire were based on the previous study and the researchers have obtained the expert's confirmation to ensure that they are relevant to the objectives and questions of the study. All information and data obtained will be analyzed in detail to ensure that the research is conducted to achieve the objectives of the study.
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