Chapter 3 methodology

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After present my proposal, I have edit and make correction for some parts 

 

CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY

3.1   Introduction

        This chapter will elaborate and discuss some aspects related to the methodology and procedure of the study conducted to complete this study. Among the aspects discussed are research design, population, sampling, research instruments, data collection procedures and data analysis. The purpose of the research methodology is to ensure that all thing that was planned and inventory can run smoothly and ensure orderly and systematic implementation can be implemented.

3.2 Research Design

      Research design is a plan that determines how research works to get answers to the research problems that have been set. The design involves several aspects of research such as problems, strategies and relevance as to the subject being studied. The design also sets the unit of analysis, population, sampling, measurement methods, data collection and analysis (Masri,2005).

      The research design is a mix method which using qualitative and quantitative approach. The qualitative method which are using for getting in depth information by using interview. Through the interview, researcher can ask the teacher about the teaching method and characteristics of video that is suitable for teaching aid in class. More information can be getting through the conversation. While, for quantitative method, according to Kaprawi (2010) the survey method is very useful when the researcher wants to collect related data in his research. Quantitative data is more appropriate to answer the questions of the study outlined in addition to producing a lot of consistent information and data as required by the researcher. According to Chua (2006), via data quantitative phenomena can be seen from various angles and perspectives the different where each perspective is detected using different methods. Even so it leads to the same final destination, that is focus on one event or thing. In addition, researchers can describe and explain each question in more detail and profoundly based on the strategy setting where the variables are manipulated in experimental situations. The survey method is used to obtain relevant information. Besides that, the researchers prefer to do an experimental method towards the two group of student in semi rural and rural are. First will do a pre and post test to see the knowledge and understanding of student towards use of animation in learning VAE subject.  After that, the data were obtained from the responses given by the respondents through information in the questionnaires. The survey method is used to obtain relevant information. The data were obtained from the responses given by the respondents through information in the questionnaires.

3.3 Population and Sampling

      Population and sampling are based on Krejcie & Morgan 1970. Sampling is the process of selecting a number of subjects from a population to be used as a survey respondent. Sampling is an important aspect of research and research because the use of inappropriate samples will reduce the validity and reliability of the study (Piaw Chua Yan, 2006).

 

  Table 3.3.1 Krejcie and morgan table

3.3.1 Target and Population

          The Smk Khir Johari, Sungai Sumun and Smk Seri Perak, Teluk Intan are selected and the study population consists of student who takes Visual Art Education in their subject in form 4.

3.3.2 Sampling Technique

         The total sample approximately was 60 students for the both Secondary School who are in form 4 that takes subject of Visual Art Education.

       Respondents were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects are selected just because they are easiest to recruit for the study and the researcher did not consider selecting subjects that are representative of the entire population. In all forms of research, it would be ideal to test the entire population, but in most cases, the population is just too large that it is impossible to include every individual. This is the reason why most researchers rely on sampling techniques like convenience sampling, the most common of all sampling techniques. Many researchers prefer this sampling technique because it is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subject are readily available.

1.7           Instrument

          For this purpose, the researcher felt the method of questionnaire was the most appropriate for immediate information and data from the students as the respondents easily responded to the aspects studied. Researchers have taken sample surveys from previous researchers and modified according to the suitability of the students. The questionnaire consists of four parts, namely Part A on student information, Part B on student understanding, Part C on student interest and Part D on the benefit of animated video on teaching and learning process at both school which is Smk Khir Johari and Smk Teluk Intan. For the interview session which is with the teacher, the researcher will do a semi-structured interview. It is because the researcher want to know the best way to create a video animated as teaching aid for the student in learning.

3.4.1 Research Instrument

Research Questions	Instrument	Method of analysis
1) How to design and develop an animated video as teaching aid for VAE subject?	- semi structure interview	-  Reading - Describing - Classifying - Identifying themes - Codings
2)  Is there any benefit of animated video towards students ? a.    Interest b.    understanding	a) Survey questionnaire Part B and C	- SPSS program - Descriptive statistics - Frequencies - Measure of central tendency         (mean, median, mode ) -Measures of variability   (range,quartile deviation,Variance, standard deviation
3)Is there any relationship between using animated video towards student`s learning in  VAE?	a) Survey questionnaire ●      Part D	-       SPSS program -       Pearson Correlation

3.4.2 Validity and Reliability

     The reliability of the instrument is very important in maintaining the accuracy of the questionnaire from being exposed to defects. The higher the value and the level of validity and the reliability of the questionnaire, the more accurate the data obtained (Din, Ahmad, KZ, Mohamad Sidek, & Abdul Karim, 2009). Reliability is a necessary but inadequate requirement for determination of validity. Low reliability is considered to limit the degree of certainty obtained, but high reliability does not guarantee that a high degree of validity is generated. In short, reliability only provides consistency that allows validity. The reliability coefficient of Alfa Cronbach was used by researchers to measure the reliability of items in a questionnaire.

Cronbach’s Alpha Internal Consistency

Cronbach’s alpha	Internal consistency
α ≥ 0.90 0.90 ≥α ≥0.80	Excellent Good
0.80 ≥α ≥0.70	Acceptable
0.70 ≥α ≥ 0.60	Questionable
0.60 ≥α ≥ 0.50	Poor
α < 0.5	Unacceptable

Source: (George & Mallery, 2003)

3.5 Data Collection Procedures

      In this study, to collect data, researchers have set some steps that are expected to be able to gather data and information accurately. A procedure has been set up to launch a research process. The process is like obtaining certificates and written permission from the Faculty of Education of University Technology Mara UiTM to obtain permission from Office of Municipal office education of Teluk intan and Bagan Datuk to do the research. Besides, to ask permission to school and subject teachers to determine the date, fill and do pre and post test and answer the questionnaires with students.

Before the set of questionnaires was distributed, the researcher will guide and explained how to answer and ensure that the respondents were not influenced by others when answering the questionnaire. After the questionnaire was fully answered, the researcher collected a questionnaire to analyze the data.

3.6 Data Analysis

      To answer the research questions, researchers have analyzed data using descriptive statistics and pearson correlation. The researcher analyzes and presents the data obtained by using mean score, standard deviation, percentage and graph. All data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Version 24.0 (SPSS) software. The use of this software is easier, fast, simple and compact when analyzing data.

Scale	Status
1.00 -  2.33	Low
2.34 - 3.66	Moderate
3.67 - 5.00	High

Table 3.6.1 The min score classes

3.7 Conclusion

The study is a mix method which is qualitative and quantitative approach. The research instrument is using questionnaire research. The items in the questionnaire were based on the previous study and the researchers have obtained the expert's confirmation to ensure that they are relevant to the objectives and questions of the study. All information and data obtained will be analyzed in detail to ensure that the research is conducted to achieve the objectives of the study.

 

literature review chart

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Before I start my next chapter, I do my listing towards reference and literature review 

Reference	Authors : Year & Title	Study Aims & Objectives	Research Design	Sample	Data Collection Methods	Findings Relevant to the Review
1	THE IMPACT OF COMPUTER ANIMATION LEARNING TOWARD STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE Mohd Khairezan Rahmat	To  observe  the  impact  of  computer  animation  towards student’s  academic  performance  with  different  level  of  achievement  and  learning styles	quasi-experiment based on the  factorial  2x2x2 design, administrated onto  two independent  groups	One hundred and sixty, form four students from thirty secondary schools in Gombak district, Selangor	data obtained were analysed using Two Samples ·        T-Test ·        One way ANOVA	the computer animation learning courseware had given a positive effect on student’s academic performance.
2	KESAN KAEDAH PENGAJARAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF DALAM PENGAJARAN SENI VISUAL -ISMAIL BIN BASIRON-	to test the effectiveness of teaching the interactive multimedia in the Visual Arts subject	experimental design	A total of 60 students were selected from two Form 4 Visual Arts theory in SMK Dato 'Onn (SMKDO), Batu Pahat, Johor	Quasi-experimental method and set of comprehension questions are used in this study	The study found that the interactive multimedia teaching methods have a positive impact on student’s achievement.
3	USAGE OF COMPUTER IN VISUAL ART EDUCATION AT THREE SCHOOL IN PERAK	to see whether computer equipment that had been supplemented is being used as it was predetermined by Curriculum Development Centre.	The study was conducted using qualitative research methods in three schools in Perak	Teachers and student of 3 school, SMK Sultan Abdullah, 36600 Chenderong Balai SMK Seri Kampar, 31900 Kampar SMK Datuk Hj Abdul Wahab, 31100 Sg. Siput (U)	Data obtained from interview and questionnaire	The result of this study showed that in three schools where the research was conducted had carried out all the requirements from Curriculum Development Centre.
6	MENGGUNAKAN ANIMASI DI DALAM INSTRUKSI KHAS UNTUK KANAK-KANAK DISLEKSIA Ronaldi Saleh Bin Umar, Fadilahwati Abdul Rahman, Fattawi Mokhtar & Nor Aziah Alias	to illustrate the approach to design animation within the development of an interactive multimedia-based Learning Objects.	Survey and experimental	11 dyslexia students from SK TTDI 2 Kuala Lumpur and SK Bandar Tasik Puteri Rawang who tooks mathematic subject.	Using a set of questions which is adapted from the Learning Object Student Assessment Form and the result are collect from observing and the interview session	The data obtained showed usability and value of posititive learning for the resulting Learning Object.
7	CHILD EDUCATION THROUGH ANIMATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Md. Baharul Islam, Arif Ahmed, Md. Kabirul Islam and Abu Kalam Shamsuddin (2014)	to examine the impact of student’s abilities to acquire new knowledge or skills through visual learning materials and blended leaning that is integration of visual learning materials with teacher’s instructions	Experimental study	primary school in Dhak -           3 different group of student	-           Set of question -           15questionnaire -           1 Control group, 1 experimental group, 1 treatment group	greatly promoted students ability of acquisition of knowledge and skills
8	CABARAN GURU MELALUI TEKNOLOGI MULTIMEDIA DALAM PELAN STRATEGIK PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21 BAGI GURU PENDIDIKAN SENI VISUAL Norazeli Ali @ Yusof1, Mohamad Sattar Rasul2	to look at teacher challenges in a strategic plan 21st century teaching and learning for visual arts education teachers in the face of teacher challenges, build strategic and strategic assessments in 21st century teaching and learning	Survey study	65 teachers of visual arts education obtained from 8 districts located in the state of Terengganu	uses a review of studies by taking into account the narrative analysis of the challenges faced with the 21st century teaching and learning strategic plan for visual arts education teachers	The findings show that teacher challenges in using technology in teaching and learning
9	Modul Pendidikan Murid Menengah Miskin Bandar Berasaskan Teknologi Maklumat Dan Komunikasi: Aplikasi Fuzzy Delphi Siti Hajar Halili(Phd) Hamidah Sulaiman(Phd)	to obtain the views of experts on designing a teaching module for secondary urban needy pupils	Mix method Qualitative and quantitative	A total of 24 specialists were selected using a purloive selection to serve as a panel of experts in this study	Using semi structured interview and questionnaire	The findings showed that the experts agreed that the module for secondary urban needy pupils was suitable to be implemented according to the five themes.
10	PERISIAN KURSUS MULTIMEDIA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN SENI VISUAL BAGI TOPIK LOGO (APH-Pensil) Ridzuan Hussin	to develop and test a Software Multimedia Course for Visual Art Education (APH-Pencil), based on theory Basic Design Art.	implemented by method partial experiment	consists of of the 62 students, 23 males and 39 students women and 21 Visual Art Education subject teachers	The data were collected through questionnaires, special assignments, interviews and observation checklists	result indicates that the use of APH-Pencil multimedia course software, is more effective in the teaching and learning process of education subjects visual arts (PSV) in particular, Logo topics, compared to conventional methods.
11	Penerimaan Guru Terhadap Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat Dan Komunikasi Berasaskan Model Tam Dalam Pengajaran Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Tamil Siti Hajar Halili (PhD) Suguneswary	to identify the teachers’ perception of using information and communications technology (ICT) in teaching the Tamil Language.	qualitative methods of observation and interview methods	The participants of this study were 6 teachers who taught Tamil subjects under the supervision of Tamil language teachers at a Tamil national school. for Stage 1. The participants of this study were selected by purposive sampling.	The results of the study were analyzed with the answers and views of the participants based on the questions proposed by the researcher through interview form and observation	The results showed that teachers’ acceptance in using ICT was positive in terms of significance, facility and readiness in teaching Tamil.
12	Tpack in Visual Art Education: A Study on the Willingness of Students to Use E-Learning in the Learning of Visual Arts Roslaili Anuar Wan Zamani Wan Zakaria	to know the willingness of art and design student to use e-Learning in the subject of Education Visual Arts (PSV).	To collect the data of this study, the questionnaires were used based on the framework TPACK work to measure Technological, Pedagogical and Content knowledge Knowledge.	Data collected from 27 students Final semester of the Arts and Design Arts program	A set of questionnaires was distributed to determine the willingness and ability of students to adopt the approach new technology in learning PSV	The findings on Technological knowledge show that students learn by using technology is easy and has the technical skills needed for using technology in learning PSV
13	The Effectiveness of the Use of Animation in Arabic Language Learning Norhayati Che Hat1, Mohd Fauzi Abdul Hamid1, Shaferul Hafes Sha'ari1, Safawati Basirah Zaid	This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the use of animation in Arabic language teaching and learning among diploma students at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia.	Experimental design	A total of 66 diploma students were randomly selected and divided into experimental group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33).	the data collected from pre-and post-test for each group were analyzed using t-test in SPSS version 17.0.	This study advocate the idea that animation applications can be integrated as part of language teaching aid to positively improve student achievement, classroom learning environment and student motivation.
14	The Effect of Inquiry-based Learning Method on Students’ Academic Achievement in Science Course Ali Abdi	To investigate the effects of inquiry-based learning method on students’ academic achievement in sciences lesson.	experimental study	A total of 40 fifth grade students from two different classes were involved in the study.	To determine the effectiveness of inquiry-based learning method over traditional instruction, an achievement test about sciences which consisted of 30 items was administered as pre-test and post-test to students both in the experimental and control groups.  For the statistical analysis, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used.	The results showed that students who were instructed through inquiry-based learning were achieved higher score than the ones which were instructed through the traditional method.
15	Pembangunan Dan Penilaian Telmova Untuk Pendidikan Seni Visual Tingkatan Empat Rosidah Binti Hamid	To developing and evaluating TeLMOVA for Visual Arts Secondary School	used mainly a quantitative approach to data collection	seventy-three teachers from schools in the Petaling district were	The statistical analyses of questionnaires, tests of users’ perceptual understanding and views regarding TeLMOVA, using t-tests and ANOVA	The study has proven that using TeLMOVA can help improve teachers’ attitudes towards their teaching and the student towards understanding in art learning.